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Introduction

As the founder of the German Green Party, Petra Kelly once said If we dont do the impossible, we shall be faced with the unthinkable. It is time we answered Kellys call to action and set into motion the necessary steps to revitalize the earth, such as, integrating recycling programs within local communities. The simple practice of generating new uses for discarded materials conserves natural resources, reduces air pollution, saves energy and downsizes landfills. For example, if everyone in the country recycled a newspaper a week thirty-six million trees a year would be saved.

There are six steps involved with setting up a recycling program for special events:

Consult a waste collection service Determine what is needed Gather equipment Organize Roll out the program Maintain program

This guide will outline each of these steps in detail and how to use them to implement a successful recycling program.

Step 1: Consult a Waste Collection Service

Before introducing a program determine what type of recycling is possible for the area. Contact local businesses and find out who collects waste and recyclables in the area. When contacting the companies evaluate their customer satisfaction and collection costs, as well as, determine if neighbouring businesses are interested in sharing recycling services.

Each community has a different procedure for collecting recyclables. Find out from the waste hauler what the collection requirements are in the area including:

What types of materials are collected How materials are separated What color schemes are used What types of containers are accepted When are materials collected How much does it cost What type of areas work with the collection trucks What happens when the program requirements change

Step 2: Determine What Is Needed

Determine how much and what type of waste is anticipated. Apply it to the specifications provided by the hauler and the anticipated level of traffic for the area. Together this information will provide what is needed for the recycling program to run. For example, a special event planner may require different container combinations based on the event which they are servicing. The type of recycling bin combination which will work best will depend on how often it will be emptied, the amount of staff and attendees contributing to it, possible janitorial services and the size of the area.

A great way to determine what is needed for a recycling program is by seeking the input and approval of those in the space. Applying the advice of others can encourage future program use. It can also ensure that an appropriate recycling program is selected by those who will be using it.

Step 3: Gather Recycling Equipment

Now that the specific needs of the program have been determined the equipment can be purchased. Consult a recycling bin manufacturer for program ideas and container solutions. Ensure that the bins selected are easy to use, efficient and environmentally sound.

Easy to use recycling containers should be versatile and custom designed to work with any environment. There are different bin features available which make participation in a recycling program easier such as:

Mountable bins for increased surface space Desk side bins for increased leg room Stackable containers for easy storage Large wheeled or lidded containers for easy transportation

Select the container which makes the most sense for the area it will be placed in.

Containers should feature the correct combination of visual indicators and sorting mechanisms to maximize the ease in use. Use clearly marked labels, shaped deposit slots and different color options. These tools will allow others to quickly identify what the bin is designed to collect.

Implementing plastic containers which are environmentally sound can assist a recycling program. Select containers which are 100% recyclable, made with a minimum of 35% recycled content and complimented by matching waste baskets. Containers meeting these requirements will maximize the results of a recycling program as they have green solutions built right in.

North American made containers have a reduced impact on the environment. Local products will reduce air pollution resulting from overseas shipping and toxins from foreign containers. Also, if the recycling bins are within arms reach they will be easier to replace or distribute in the future should new containers be needed.

Product Recommendations

Busch Systems offers an extensive line of recycling and waste container solutions. The type of bin to select for a special event will depend on how it will be used. There are two categories of use to consider when selecting recycling bins: temporary and permanent. Listed below are product recommendations for each category:

Recycling containers designed for temporary use target functions which require added recycling, such as, banquets or weddings. The Recycle Clear series is ideal for these types of temporary activities as it is lightweight, durable and custom designed to work indoor or outdoor in varying weather conditions. It is a cost-effective alternative to concrete bins which will not rust, dent or dirty.

These are only a few of the recycling container solutions offered at Busch. To view the complete line of equally attractive alternatives please visit: www.buschsystems.com.

Step 4: Organize the Recycling Program

After a container is selected it must be incorporated into a well organized recycling program. The first step is assigning a program coordinator. This should be someone who is involved with the event and interested in taking charge of the program. Once the coordinator is made aware of their responsibilities they can ensure that the recycling program is always running smoothly.

The new candidate can begin their duties by selecting where the containers should go. When deciding where bins should be placed bear in mind other containers which may be in the environment, traffic, capacity and collection. The scheduling of container collection may be the deciding factor in determining where the bins should go. Placement options may be limited depending on the size of the collection vehicle and the accessibility of the area.

Suggested Green initiatives

Once the collection of recyclable material has been arranged other green initiatives can be considered. Listed below are a few suggestions for green practices which special event coordinators can practice:

Advertising online Using online registration and confirmation Choosing local venues to reduce gas emissions resulting from travel Having food service providers supply sugar, salt, pepper and cream in bulk containers Planning meals using local ingredients Selecting venues with linen reuse programs

Step 5: Roll Out Program

Following the development of a recycling program is the execution. In order for the program to run smoothly the end user must be educated on how it operates and understand what the goals are. Rolling out the initiative will get those sharing the space excited about the program and motivated to use it.

Contact event venues and inform them of the recycling program. This will ensure that there are no competing programs at the event and eliminate confusion for guests. Organize a meeting with all staff prior to the event. Educate the staff on how the program runs, what the goals are, who the program coordinator is and what everyones responsibilities are. Also, consult the event hosts and determine if recycling program information can be supplied to guests prior to the event (perhaps alongside an invitation).

Step 6: Maintain Program

Maintaining a recycling program is a critical component to ensuring its longevity and success. A large part of the upkeep process will be the responsibility of the program coordinator. They will need to constantly monitor the effectiveness of the program and find ways to improve it. The coordinator will also be responsible for keeping those in the facility enthused and new staff educated on the program procedures.

There are several ways in which a program coordinator can keep up enthusiasm at special events. For example, a record can be stored of the amount of recyclables leaving each event. Statistics can be generated on the materials recovered. These statistics can be distributed to each staff member at the beginning of each event along with an acknowledgement of a job well done. This will keep up program enthusiasm and motivate staff keep up recycling efforts at every special event.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the combined usage of the above six steps will enable special event coordinators to incorporate an effective recycling program. The program should work toward conserving our natural resources and safeguarding our environment. Ideally, a new recycling program will allow future generations to flourish in what we have instead of flounder in what we have left behind.

Sources:

Alon Tal, Speaking of Earth: Environmental Speeches That Moved The World (USA, 2006) 140.

Waste Reduction Week Canada. 23 Sep. 2009. Environment Canada. http://www.wrwcanada.com

What is an Employee Incentive Program?

A true Incentive Program is a reward system thats designed to motivate employees. A good incentive system can propel even marginal performers to success.

Incentive Programs are widespread in some areas of business. For example, in many industries it is quite common to pay manufacturing staff a bonus based on production levels. Other common Incentive Programs are found in executive management and marketing. While sales commissions do act as an incentive, for the purposes of this discussion, we will consider commission sales to be a form of regular compensation, not part of an employee Incentive Program.

In recent years, an increasing number of small and medium size businesses have turned to Incentive Programs, often with mixed results. Examples of remarkable success are many but so are examples of disastrous outcomes. When problems occur with Incentive Programs, it is usually the result of a poorly planned or managed program, as we shall see later.

Why are Incentive Programs Used?

In a small business, employee incentive Programs generally have one or more of these general objectives:

1. Hiring Key Staff in a Competitive Employment Market

The most common of these programs are Signing Bonuses. They are widely used in industries from professional football to the defense industry. These programs are very effective at recruiting but only if your reward is better than your competitions reward. These hiring programs have two drawbacks:

They offer little on-going motivation, and
They provide the rewards up front, before the new employee makes any real contribution.

2. Retaining Key Employees

Retention programs are aimed at retaining senior or key employees. To be effective, the rewards must be attractive enough to overcome the benefits of taking a new position with a new employer.

3. Improving Short-term Performance (most common)

Incentive programs are most effective at improving short-term performance. Even the typical annual company incentive program stretches the length of time during which most employees can be effectively motivated. In addition, for Performance Incentive Programs to be effective, the employees must clearly see a direct connection between their efforts and the established program goals.

Employee incentive Programs are powerful tools but they do have limitations

Effectiveness over Time.

As stated earlier, most Incentive Programs are effective for short time periods. As time passes, the connection between performance and reward becomes less and less clear to most employees.

Incentives vs. Base Pay.

To be effective, incentive Programs must either:

Be perceived as additions to a competitive compensation base or;
Be perceived as very significant where the base compensation is viewed as being marginal.

Negative Consequences.

One of the common, recurring problems of Incentive Programs is that they may create negative consequences. For example, an incentive Program might create an environment where production of shirts increases by 20% but serious flaws in quality increase by 25% due to a push to increase quantity.

In addition, Incentive Programs almost always prove unsuccessful if:

The workforce is unhappy or distrustful;
Management is inadequate;
Communications are poor, and
The Program is poorly designed or implemented.

The Successful Employee Incentive Program.

While Employee Incentive Programs are widely used in large businesses, their effectiveness is open to question. However, in small businesses, there is little doubt that an effective program can be a major factor in short-term profitability and success!

The key is that the program must be effective. If you review the experiences of companies with programs that failed and companies with successful programs, the clear difference is planning!

In almost every case, successful programs were developed following a four phase approach as follows:

Phase I Program design

Define company goals
Define Program goals

Phase II Program development

Define Program characteristics
Develop program rules

Phase III Program modeling

Test program
Revise Program as required

Phase IV Program operation

Implement Program
Communicate and monitor progress

Part II of Employee Incentive Programs will discuss the four main program categories:

Piecework
Profit Sharing
Position Bonus
Subjective Bonus

Affiliate program businesses are still on a roll as the boom in the affiliate industry continues. Many are a part of this industry, and many more want to enter it, either as merchants or as affiliates. The world of affiliate business continues to change and everyone needs to adapt to these changes to be able to stay in the business. The best way to have the ability to go with the radical flow of affiliating is to have firm grasp of the fundamentals. The basics of putting up and operating an affiliate program business are vital to success.

Affiliate Program Business Introduction

A website is the flag that signifies the company it belongs to. In the past only the well established and highly profitable companies have their own websites. But nowadays, thanks to the continuous evolution of the Internet, setting up a website has become so easy anyone can do actually do it. The fastest and easiest way of building a website is by using an online website builder that has ready-made templates and other webpage elements you can choose from to construct your very own unique website design. These sites will also be the ones to provide your sites URL for you. The downside to using these site builders is that most of them attach advertisements on webpages that are made with them, and their greatest advantage is the ability to design a website and get it online in less than an hour.

Design only grabs the attention of human readers, but before people can marvel at the beauty and greatness of your sites appearance, they must first be able to find it. And for people to find your site, the best and fastest way is that they find it in the results page of the major search engines. And one of the best ways you can get good rankings on the trusted search engines is through search engine optimization or SEO. SEO however can prove to be complex and hard to do especially to those who have never even heard of it before. A good alternative to SEO in getting your website seen is engaging in an affiliate program. Such action allows you to profit from your content-driven websites traffic as well as make sales with the same website.

Affiliate Program Business Definition

An affiliate program sometimes also called associate program in laymans terms is a system of arrangements in which an online website known as a merchant website pays affiliate websites commissions to send traffic to it. The affiliate websites post links to divert the traffic they receive to the merchant site. They are then paid depending on the affiliate agreement. The commissions may be based on the number of visitors the affiliate site sends to the merchant site, the number of people the affiliate site sends to the merchant site and clicks at least one of the product advertisements, or the number of visitors directed to the merchant site by the affiliate site and actually makes a purchase. The framework of the agreement is that the merchant pays according to the agreement the associate whenever his affiliate site brings site traffic or money to the merchant website. The recruitment of affiliates is not only a great way to sell products over the internet but it is also a great marketing strategy as it provides the merchant website a unique competitive advantage. Networking can be said to be one of the best and most effective ways to get your site famous online.

There are at least three parties in an affiliate program transaction:

1. The Customer

2. The Affiliate Site

3. The Merchant Site

The concept of having an affiliate program business which utilizes the World Wide Web as a marketing strategy was first announced to the public in 1996 by Amazon.com CEO and Founder Jeff Bezos. Amazon.com encourages affiliates to post links to the Amazon website in general or to specific books. Whenever someone clicks on the link and makes a purchase the affiliate who owns the link will receive a certain pre-agreed percentage of the earnings. All the affiliate need to do is to send traffic, and the rest is done by Amazon.com like order taking, money collection and product shipment. Amazon.com is not only the first affiliate program business; it is also on of the most successful with more than half a million affiliate websites.

Over the years affiliate programs have grown to epic proportions and have taken many different forms. Affiliate program businesses are now everywhere and they are found in almost every niche of the business world. Many companies specializing in e-commerce now function as merchants while those who do little or totally no e-commerce work as affiliates.

Affiliate Program Business Basic Payment Methods

There are three basic types of affiliate program payment arrangements:

1. Pay-Per-Sale (Cost-Per-Sale)

The pay-per-sale agreement has been popularized by the mother of affiliate program businesses Amazon.com. Under cost-per-sale the affiliate is earns commissions from the merchant each time he sends a customer to the merchant website and that customer makes an actual purchase. Amazon and many others pay a specific percentage of the sale as commission while others pay a fixed rate for every sale.

2. Pay-Per-Click (Cost-Per-Click)

Pay-Per-Click is considered by many as the most popular and common affiliate agreement. Under such agreement affiliates are paid fixed rates based on the number of visitors who click on the links placed on the affiliate website that lead to the merchant website. A purchase is not required to earn commissions, all that has to be done is that the visitor clicks the link and stays for a certain time usually at least 30 seconds on the merchant website. Whatever the visitor does once he gets to the merchant site does not affect the commission.

3. Pay-Per-Lead (Cost-Per-Lead)

Under the pay-per-lead arrangement affiliates are paid based of how many visitors they send to the merchant website and subsequently sign up as leads. Signing up as leads means that the visitors fill out the information request form at the merchant site. Leads are used as targets for conversion into customers or are simply sold to other companies which are in search of leads.

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Affiliate Program Business Other Payment Methods

A company sets up an affiliate program based on its needs. Therefore, it is very usual for a company to have an affiliate agreement having some variations with the basic payment methods. There are also three common variations of affiliate program payment methods.

1. Two – tier programs

Affiliate program businesses that offer two-tier agreements profit through sales recruitment and commission sales hence thy have a structure similar to network marketing business or multilevel marketing organizations. In addition to the traditional commissions based on sales, clicks or leads facilitated by the affiliates site, commissions based on the activity or productivity of referred affiliate sites are also received.

2. Residual Programs

Affiliates under this arrangement are continuously paid commissions if the visitors they get to go to the merchant website also continue to make purchases of products and services from the merchant. This king of arrangement is usually utilized by online merchants who require regular payments usually on a monthly basis from their customers.

3. Pay-Per-Impression (Cost-Per-Impression)

Online merchants who make use of this arrangement which is also sometimes referred to as pay-per-view pays commissions according to the number of visitors affiliates can cause to see the merchants banner ad. Such arrangement has been developed as an advertising strategy but has now been adopted as an affiliate strategy.

The reduced risk is the biggest advantage of the payment methods utilized by affiliate program businesses because a merchant pays out commissions only when its desired results are met. Traditional advertising like television and radio ads as well as online banner ads are relatively risky on the part of the advertiser because they are like placing their money on a bet that the advertisements will be effective and achieve whatever they are suppose to achieve. The ad is considered as a success when it brings to the merchant more money than what was spent, but this is unfortunately not always the case. With affiliate programs on the other hand, the online merchant only pays out commissions when things are going the way he wants them. It is far easier for websites to join affiliate programs than it is for them to attract advertisers but much less risky for merchants.

Affiliate Program Business Administration

Affiliate programs are relatively simple and easy to manage, all they need is some dedication and patience because there should always be someone tracking the actual activity of all affiliates links to be able to provide them proper commissions.

Common data an affiliate program business should always be aware of are as follows.

1. The number of people who click on the merchant site’s link on an affiliate site

2. The number of people who end up buying something or performing some other predetermined action once the affiliate sends them to the merchant site.

3. The number of people who see the merchant site’s banner link on an affiliate site

4. The original arrangement between the merchant and each affiliate as well as changes if any.

Both merchant and affiliates need a lot of effort to enter the affiliate industry. Merchants need to actively seek and recruit affiliates while affiliates need to actively search for affiliate programs they might be interested in. Many huge and successful affiliate programs like Amazon.com even deal with their affiliates directly because the benefits they reap from their associates are more than worth direct administration. Such companies are in complete control of the payout process and the merchant is the sole entity that determines the amount of commission each affiliate will receive. In spite of this fact, these companies still attract a lot of associates due to the fact that there is no real risk or cost in their program. Affiliates simply put links up and wait for commissions.

Affiliate Program Business Networks

Affiliate networks composed of affiliate brokers serve as mediators between merchants and affiliate program websites and affiliates. They assist the associates put up the links in their websites and also track all the activity of these links as well as arrange all payments. Affiliate networks are also beneficial to merchants in the sense that they help recruit affiliates by including the merchants website in their online affiliate program directory. Help centers and report centrals are the common features of affiliate networks though additional features may vary.

Affiliate networks are most beneficial to aspiring affiliates because through them a wide variety of affiliate programs become available in one central location making finding a good and suitable program that fits your site much easier. Affiliate networks of course, as payment for the convenience they serve take a certain cut on each transaction they facilitate which is usually around 20% of the affiliate commission.

Any type of website can involve itself into an affiliate program though most affiliate network service agreements forbid offensive and pornographic content. Successful affiliate program businesses though referred to as merchants do no even need to make sales to gain profits. Content based affiliate businesses in fact get most of their earnings from advertisers which where attracted into advertising on the merchant website because of the high volume of traffic its affiliates are sending to it; hence there is direct conversion of traffic into profit. Pay-per-click affiliate programs are one of the most efficient means of increasing traffic.

It can be said that there are as many kinds of affiliates as there are types of businesses. Generally, any website from top sites to personal pages can take part in an affiliate program, and with the correct choices can earn themselves some money. There also exist affiliate businesses which are just actually huge collections of many affiliate programs. These sites operate by joining a lot of pay-per-click or pay-per-lead advertisement programs and then offer their visitors a portion of the commission they receive on each click or offer them a chance to win big rewards.

Becoming an Affiliate Program Businessman

The first choice for anyone wanting to involve himself in affiliate programs is whether to be a merchant or an affiliate or both. Setting up an affiliate program and becoming an affiliate merchant is the best choice for those who operate an e-commerce site and desire to improve their sales. Becoming an affiliate of several merchants is the best choice on the other hand for people who own small content sites and run them only as a hobby. The choice is likely to be influenced by the budget and the element of affiliate programs what suites your website the most.

Entering an affiliate program as an associate is quite easy. Just go to the merchant website and fill out the online affiliate application form. The form is likely to ask of your name, address, desired payment method and other personal information as well as information on your website like URL, name, and content description and then of course have you agree to the merchants service agreement. Affiliate networks are generally free.

Once you receive the approval of the affiliate network you are then ready to start selecting the affiliate programs that interest you. Since most affiliate programs accept affiliates at no cost al all, it is best to immediately discard all programs than charge membership fees. Once selection is complete, the merchants you have selected will then review our site and once they accept your site they will guide you step by step on the process of appropriately posting links. Payment arrangements will also be finalized during this guide. Most affiliate programs require associates to reach a minimum earning threshold before they release commissions because of the fact that the amount an affiliate earns per transaction is relatively small. This means that no payment will be received by the affiliate until he reaches the particular minimum amount. After everything is set up and all has been explained to you, you can then start working on your website to help you earn more money.

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Gifting programs have certainly made there mark in the Home Based Business Community as being a great way to make money, consistently and very quickly. For every person that complains about cash gifting there is another that has transformed there life through hard work and persistance using cash gifting as the vehicle. Gifting programs are often though of as an easy way to make money online and it’s also perceived by many as an effortless activity for the most part. To be successfull in a gifting program you have to understand what it takes to run a business because essentially it’s very similiar to a business.

You have to market the gifting programs that you belong to and that means you need to believe in the philosophy of the gifting program and believe in your self as someone who can help others be successful. Now, in order for you to have the type of confidence to be able to train someone else then YOU will need a cash gifting mentor that really know how to market online. DO NOT think you can buy into one of these high profile automated gifting programs that seem to have everything you need to make running the business/activity easy. These Hybrid type programs do nothing but pump out people that have nothing to give as far as internet marketing knowledge and you will be just like them, relying on a system that’s flawed.

Gifting programs that are legit are very private, not all over the internet and don’t have a fancy back office, just a really good website and the basic back office system and here’s why. You need to learn internet marketing over time and the only way your truly going to gain personal knowledge is the recieve1 on 1 coaching from an internet marketing savvy cash gifting mentor. These types of gifting programs that have these types of mentors are not easy to find and that’s why I’m writing this article so you can identify one. When you have these mass marketed cash gifting programs that are all over the internet there is no support so when people fail (all 96%) they blame Gifting Programs as a whole and not the gifting program they choose. Some gifting programs are designed to take out the 1 on 1 coaching completely because these gifting programs with the fat cat at the top are selling the program in volume and receiving cash from the marketing sales, actual member sign ups and other places as well.

Just understand that if a gifting program has a figure head attached to it the only person that is successful is him or her because it has to be a pump and dump system or the fat cat wouldn’t bother with it. Gifting programs that do things the right way have far more success and new members can generate cash gifts far more efficiently and effectively because they ACTUALLY have more than the basic marketing knowledge. When it come to marketing your gifting program there are free and paid marketing strategies that cash gifting mentors should teach you.

Paid marketing tactics provide quick results to signing up members however you need to learn the free type of marketing that is going to keep people in business so you have something to offer your new members other than telling them who the hire for the paid leads. Content marketing is the free type of marketing that will generate cash gifting leads for the long haul and paid leads are quick hits and both have there place within your gifting program. I would say about 90% of my cash gifting program marketing doesn’t cost me a penny such things as blogging and article writing.

Now, my No 1 Up Cash Gifting Program has really good software for the content marketing side of marketing your Gifting Program. It makes it pretty easy and fast for anyone that is completely new to content marketing. I was petrified of content marketing however once you do it a few times it’s actually very rewarding and addicting especially when you write an article and 3 hours later someone calls you because they loved it. It’s not hard writing articles and blogs because there are so many sources to turn to that you can just take bits and pieces from to create a fantastic article and I personally train my gifting program members how to do it within an hour.

You have to be very careful which gifting program you end up choosing because there are programs out there that are really riding the fine line as far as legal and ethical standards. It is a fact that a gifting program CANNOT have any mention of residuals as they mimic an MLM business structure and cash gifting is an organizational activity not a business. Also, when a gifting programs puts things into a pretty little package it becomes a product and you can’t sell a product in cash gifting. Gifting programs are supposed to be an organization that works towards building that strengthen of that organization by means of increasing the size if it’s membership base.

It’s a simple philosophy, help each member create wealth by increases the size of the gifting program through education, Educating people how they can take control of there financial future by bringing people into the group and showing them how to go about signing up new members to the gifting program. It’s supposed to be a low key private group participating in an activity that has been around for centuries, helping those in need when they need it the most. Most people that join a gifting program need a change from a particular situation that has left them financially distressed. This is where we come in as members of a cash gifting program, we show these people a new way of not only changing there financial future but other as well.

Gifting Programs help people make money and at the same time help others do the same, pretty simple philosophy however some gifting programs out there are run by a Fat Cat At The Top and lose that vision and abonden the education and instead market there product and system which is completely automated. Make no mistake about it there selling a product and that to me is not legal and ethical because people think they can buy these cash gifting packages and have enormous success however the product is flawed. This is why you need to keep things very simple with cash gifting and any other online business. A basic back office, excellent website and personal internet marketing coaching is the way this private activity is supposed to operate.

So, before you decide on a specific gifting program I want you to know that a No 1 Up Cash Gifting Program structure is the most efficient, effective and legal way to participate in a gifting program. Once again, residuals do not work and they are an illegal format because this is not a business, it’s an activity. In a No 1 Up Cash Gifting Program Their are no qualifiers meaning you don’t have to pass up your first gift or any gifts to your cash gifting sponsor. You receive additional gifts when your members moves up a level. For example: My gifting program has 4 levels, 0-1,500-3,500 and ,500. Say you gifted in at the ,500 level and the very next day signed up a member for ,500. Well, you keep the ,500 and the only time you would gift again is when you want to move up to the ,500 level and you are not required to, it’s your own decision.

The Next example of a No 1 Up Cash Gifting Program Structure is say you sign someone up for ,500 and your on the ,500 level. You keep ,500 and the ,000 goes to your cash gifting sponsor and now you are at the ,500 level and are now at all levels. Now, in a Gifting program that is 1 Up, 2 Up , % or Hybred you have to pass up gifts. For Example: say you gift in at the ,500 level and it took you a month but you received a cash gift for ,500. You have to pass up the total amount which is ,500 to your sponsor and a % of every gift go to the owner of the program if it’s a Hybrid. If it’s a % program you will have to give up a % of all your gifts.

This can get a bit confusing so to make things a bit more clear a gifting program such as the No 1 Up Cash Gifting Program is fair, motivating and puts people before the money. I can’t tell you how hard it is to gift into a program and then have to give your first gift away and then a percentage of all gifts received. These gifting programs also sell you cash gifting leads however they are not targeted and it’s a big waste of money. I know this for a fact because at least 1/2 of my cash gifting members come from other gifting programs and I’ve personally called these leads and I’ve yet to get a person on the line that had even heard of cash gifting, now that’s not targeted whatsoever..

So, to sum things up it will truly benefit you to choose a No 1 Up Cash Gifting Program that is private, low key meaning not marketing all over the internet because they use content marketing and other methods of generating targed cash gifting leads. You want to choose a cash gifting mentor that has a very good knowledge base on internet marketing and how cash gifting is marketed. Finally, make sure that the gifting program has a good reputation by doing your homework before you move forward and the same goes for the potential cash gifting mentor,,

Do You Think 0 A Day Could Change Your Life Some?

Go To Gifting Program Website Right Away!! www.wealthmentoring.net

Cash King Frank Poretta has been a very successful internet marketer for nearly a decade and a successful cash gifting mentor for 5 years coaching people who are totally new to cash gifting and internet business. I You Have The Will Frank Will Show You The Way..

“Give a woman a fish and she will eat for a day”

“Teach a woman to fish and she will eat for a lifetime”

Your Cash Gifting Mentor is the lifeline to your success!!

Summary
o What is programming
o Why programming is important
o What skills are needed
o Develop a basic recipe for writing programs
o Points to remember
What is programming
As this course is titled “Introduction to programming”, therefore it is most essential and appropriate to understand what programming really means. Let us first see a widely known definition of programming.
Definition: “A program is a precise sequence of steps to solve a particular problem.”
It means that when we say that we have a program, it actually means that we know about a complete set activities to be performed in a particular order. The purpose of these activities is to solve a given problem.
Alan Perlis, a professor at Yale University, says:
“It goes against the grain of modern education to teach children to program. What fun is there in making plans, acquiring discipline in organizing thoughts, devoting attention to detail and learning to be self-critical? “
It is a sarcastic statement about modern education, and it means that the modern education is not developing critical skills like planning, organizing and paying attention to detail. Practically, in our day to day lives we are constantly planning, organizing and paying attention to fine details (if we want our plans to succeed). And it is also fun to do these activities. For example, for a picnic trip we plan where to go, what to wear, what to take for lunch, organize travel details and have a good time while doing so.
When we talk about computer programming then as Mr. Steve Summit puts it
“At its most basic level, programming a computer simply means telling it what to do, and this vapid-sounding definition is not even a joke. There are no other truly fundamental aspects of computer programming; everything else we talk about will simply be the details of a particular, usually artificial, mechanism for telling a computer what to do. Sometimes these mechanisms are chosen because they have been found to be convenient for programmers (people) to use; other times they have been chosen because they’re easy for the computer to understand. The first hard thing about programming is to learn, become comfortable with, and accept these artificial mechanisms, whether they make “sense” to you or not. “
Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
3
CS201 Introduction to Programming
Why Programming is important
The question most of the people ask is why should we learn to program when there are so many application software and code generators available to do the task for us. Well the answer is as give by the Matthias Felleisen in the book How to design programs’
“The answer consists of two parts. First, it is indeed true that traditional forms of programming are useful for just a few people. But, programming as we the authors understand it is useful for everyone: the administrative secretary who uses spreadsheets as well as the high-tech programmer. In other words, we have a broader notion of programming in mind than the traditional one. We explain our notion in a moment. Second, we teach our idea of programming with a technology that is based on the principle of minimal intrusion. Hence, our notion of programming teaches problem-analysis and problem-solving skills without imposing the overhead of traditional programming notations and tools.”
Hence learning to program is important because it develops analytical and problem solving abilities. It is a creative activity and provides us a mean to express abstract ideas. Thus programming is fun and is much more than a vocational skill. By designing programs, we learn many skills that are important for all professions. These skills can be summarized as:
o Critical reading
o Analytical thinking
o Creative synthesis
What skills are needed
Programming is an important activity as people life and living depends on the programs one make. Hence while programming one should
o Paying attention to detail
o Think about the reusability.
o Think about user interface
o Understand the fact the computers are stupid
o Comment the code liberally
Paying attention to detail
In programming, the details matter. This is a very important skill. A good programmer always analyzes the problem statement very carefully and in detail. You should pay attention to all the aspects of the problem. You can’t be vague. You can’t describe your program 3/4th of the way, then say, “You know what I mean?”, and have the compiler figure out the rest.
Furthermore you should pay attention to the calculations involved in the program, its flow, and most importantly, the logic of the program. Sometimes, a grammatically correct sentence does not make any sense. For example, here is a verse from poem “Through the Looking Glass” written by Lewis Carol:
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CS201 Introduction to Programming
“Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe “
The grammar is correct but there is no meaning. Similarly, the sentence, “Mr. ABC sleeps thirty hours every day”, is grammatically correct but it is illogical.
So it may happen that a program is grammatically correct. It compiles and runs but produces incorrect or absurd results and does not solve the problem. It is very important to pay attention to the logic of the program.
Think about the reusability
When ever you are writing a program, always keep in mind that it could be reused at some other time. Also, try to write in a way that it can be used to solve some other related problem. A classic example of this is:
Suppose we have to calculate the area of a given circle. We know the area of a circle is (Pi * r2). Now we have written a program which calculates the area of a circle with given radius. At some later time we are given a problem to find out the area of a ring. The area of the ring can be calculated by subtracting the area of outer circle from the area of the inner circle. Hence we can use the program that calculates the area of a circle to calculate the area of the ring.
Think about Good user interface
As programmers, we assume that computer users know a lot of things, this is a big mistake. So never assume that the user of your program is computer literate. Always provide an easy to understand and easy to use interface that is self explanatory.
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CS201 Introduction to Programming
Understand the fact that computers are stupid
Computers are incredibly stupid. They do exactly what you tell them to do: no more, no less– unlike human beings. Computers can’t think by themselves. In this sense, they differ from human beings. For example, if someone asks you, “What is the time?”, “Time please?” or just, “Time?” you understand anyway that he is asking the time but computer is different. Instructions to the computer should be explicitly stated. Computer will tell you the time only if you ask it in the way you have programmed it.
When you’re programming, it helps to be able to “think” as stupidly as the computer does, so that you are in the right frame of mind for specifying everything in minute detail, and not assuming that the right thing will happen by itself.
Comment the code liberally
Always comment the code liberally. The comment statements do not affect the performance of the program as these are ignored by the compiler and do not take any memory in the computer. Comments are used to explain the functioning of the programs. It helps the other programmers as well as the creator of the program to understand the code.
Program design recipe
In order to design a program effectively and properly we must have a recipe to follow. In the book name How to design programs’ by Matthias Felleisen.and the co-worker, the idea of design recipe has been stated very elegenlty as
“Learning to design programs is like learning to play soccer. A player must learn to trap a ball, to dribble with a ball, to pass, and to shoot a ball. Once the player knows those basic skills, the next goals are to learn to play a position, to play certain strategies, to choose among feasible strategies, and, on occasion, to create variations of a strategy because none fits. “
The author then continue to say that:
“A programmer is also very much like an architect, a composers, or a writer. They are creative people who start with ideas in their heads and blank pieces of paper. They conceive of an idea, form a mental outline, and refine it on paper until their writings reflect their mental image as much as possible. As they bring their ideas to paper, they employ basic drawing, writing, and playing music to express certain style elements of a building, to describe a person’s character, or to formulate portions of a melody. They can practice their trade because they have honed their basic skills for a long time and can use them on an instinctive level.
Programmers also form outlines, translate them into first designs, and iteratively refine them until they truly match the initial idea. Indeed, the best programmers edit and rewrite their programs many times until they meet certain aesthetic standards. And just like soccer players, architects, composers, or writers, programmers must practice the basic skills of their trade for a long time before they can be truly creative.
Design recipes are the equivalent of soccer ball handling techniques, writing techniques, arrangements, and drawing skills. “